Prominently Featured In:

CNN
Netflix
Newsweek
Business Insider
Time

new york penal code 220 60 criminal possession of precursors of

 

New York Penal Code 220.60 makes it illegal to possess certain chemicals, known as precursors, with the intent to unlawfully manufacture controlled substances. This law targets possession of ingredients used to make drugs like methamphetamine, cocaine, LSD, and others. Let’s break down the key aspects of this statute.

What Are Precursors?

Precursors are chemicals that can be used to manufacture illegal drugs. Common precursors include:

  • Methylamine – used to make methamphetamine
  • Phenylacetone – used to make methamphetamine
  • Ergotamine – used to make LSD
  • Piperidine – used to make fentanyl

Precursors may have legitimate uses, but become illegal when possessed alongside evidence of intent to manufacture drugs. Methylamine, for example, has industrial applications but is also essential for making meth.

Intent to Manufacture

To be convicted under NY Penal Code 220.60, the prosecution must prove you possessed precursors and intended to use them to manufacture controlled substances. Simply possessing precursors is not enough. Prosecutors often use circumstantial evidence to demonstrate intent:

FREE CONSULTATION

Need Help With Your Case?

Don't face criminal charges alone. Our experienced defense attorneys are ready to fight for your rights and freedom.

  • 100% Confidential
  • Response Within 1 Hour
  • No Obligation Consultation

Or call us directly:

(212) 300-5196
  • Possessing equipment used for manufacturing drugs, like glassware
  • Possessing recipes or formulas for making controlled substances
  • Having prior drug manufacturing convictions

Lacking evidence of intent makes this a difficult charge for prosecutors to prove. But intent can be inferred from the circumstances.

Possession

To convict under 220.60, the precursors must be in your possession or control. This includes:

Todd Spodek
DEFENSE TEAM SPOTLIGHT

Todd Spodek

Lead Attorney & Founder

Featured on Netflix's "Inventing Anna," Todd Spodek brings decades of high-stakes criminal defense experience. His aggressive approach has secured dismissals and acquittals in cases others deemed unwinnable.

NY Bar Admitted Multi-State Licensed Federal Courts
Meet the Full Team
  • On your person
  • In your home, car, locker, etc.
  • Being held or transported by someone under your direction

Joint possession with others can be sufficient. For example, if precursors are found in a home or storage unit you share with other people. Constructive possession applies when you have knowledge of and access to the precursors, even if not directly on your person.

Penalties

Criminal possession of precursors is a class E felony, carrying:

  • 1 to 4 years in prison
  • Up to $5,000 in fines
  • Permanent criminal record
Share This Article:
Todd Spodek
ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Todd Spodek

Managing Partner

With decades of experience in high-stakes federal criminal defense, Todd Spodek has built a reputation for aggressive, strategic representation. Featured on Netflix's "Inventing Anna," he has successfully defended clients facing federal charges, white-collar allegations, and complex criminal cases in federal courts nationwide.

Bar Admissions: New York State Bar New Jersey State Bar U.S. District Court, SDNY U.S. District Court, EDNY
View Attorney Profile

Community Discussion

Real questions and discussions from readers about this topic.

72
SC stressed_contractor Business Owner 3w ago

Settled my $48k MCA for $26k — here’s exactly what happened

Just closed this chapter so wanted to share. I'm a general contractor in the New York area. Took out $48k from a well-known MCA company about 14 months ago. Daily payments of $380. When a big project fell through I couldn't keep up.

Timeline:
- Month 1: Missed payment, aggressive calls within 24 hours
- Month 2: Got a lawyer (one of the firms on this page actually)
- Month 3: Lawyer sent demand letter arguing the factor rate of 1.48 was effectively a 84% APR, usurious under New York law
- Month 4-5: Negotiation. MCA initially offered 80%.
- Month 6: Settled for 42 cents on the dollar.

AMA if you have questions.

29
SC stressed_contractor Business Owner 2w ago

My attorney charged a flat fee of $2500 for the negotiation. Some work on contingency. Shop around — I talked to three before choosing. The free consultations are genuinely free.

25
NE NewYorkCPA Verified CPA 3w ago

Tax note: the forgiven amount may be taxable as cancellation of debt income. There are exceptions if you're insolvent (IRS Form 982). Don't get surprised at tax time.

23
CN curious_new_york_biz 3w ago

How much did the lawyer cost? That's what's holding me back.

20
SC stressed_contractor Construction 3w ago

Yes, there was a UCC lien. My lawyer got it released as part of the settlement. Make sure that's in writing before you pay a dime.

13
NT nearby_tradesman Business Owner 2w ago

Did they file a UCC lien against your business? That's what I'm worried about.

61
MP Maria_P Salon Owner 1w ago

Success story: settled $42k MCA debt for $18k — don’t give up

Just want to post something positive. I own a boutique in New York. Took out an MCA when I needed to renovate. $42k advance, $63k payback. Daily debits of $240 were eating me alive.

Got connected with a settlement company from this page. Within 2 weeks they had the MCA company at the table. Settled for $18k paid over 6 months. That's 43 cents on the dollar.

The whole process took about 10 weeks. If you're reading this at 2am stressed out — make the call tomorrow.

19
NE NewYorkRetailGuy Retail 1w ago

This is exactly what I needed to read. Thank you. Making the call tomorrow.

18
MP Maria_P Boutique Owner 1w ago

Great question. I was able to get a small SBA microloan through a local credit union 3 months after settlement. The key was having the settlement agreement and UCC release on file.

10
CM curious_Mike 1w ago

How did it affect your ability to get future financing?

54
NE NewYorkRetailGuy Retail 2w ago

Multiple MCAs stacked on top of each other — drowning

I own a retail store in New York. Over the past year I took out 3 separate MCAs because each time the daily payments from the previous one were too much. Now I'm paying $850/day across all three. My gross revenue is maybe $2,200/day on a good day.

Total payback would be around $240k for $120k in advances. Is there any way out without closing?

29
ND NY_debt_relief_pro Verified 2w ago

We see stacking cases regularly. Typical approach:
1. Close the account being debited, reroute revenue
2. Enter all funders into negotiation simultaneously
3. Use the stacking argument as leverage
4. Negotiate a single consolidated settlement

With those factor rates, you have strong ammunition for a usury argument in New York under N.Y. Gen. Oblig. § 5-501.

28
SC stressed_contractor Construction 2w ago

You NEED professional help — this isn't something you negotiate yourself with multiple funders. Each has a UCC lien and they'll fight each other. The stacking itself is leverage — a good attorney will argue the funders knew the combined payments were unsustainable, which is predatory lending.

21
AL anonymous_local 2w ago

Former retail owner here. Was in your exact situation. Settled all 3 for a combined 48 cents on the dollar. Took about 4 months. My business survived.

40
NY new_york_trucking Trucking 1w ago

MCA company threatening to contact my clients — is this legal?

The MCA company is threatening to contact my clients directly to intercept payments. They say the agreement gives them the right to redirect my accounts receivable. I'm a trucking company — if my clients find out about my financial issues they'll drop me.

33
NS NY_small_biz_atty Verified 1w ago

This is a pressure tactic. Even if the MCA agreement includes assignment of receivables, actually contacting your clients is different. Under New York's UCC Article 9, there are proper legal channels. More importantly, if this causes reputational harm, you may have a claim for tortious interference. Document everything.

21
MS mca_survivor_NY Settled $87k 1w ago

They pulled this same threat on me. Never followed through. Get a lawyer to send them a letter and it stops.

40
AF Anonymous_Food_Truck Business Owner 1mo ago

Warning: don’t take a second MCA to pay off the first

Let me be the cautionary tale. I took a $20k advance for my food truck. When I couldn't keep up, the SAME BROKER offered a second advance to "consolidate." Second was $35k — $20k paid off the first, I got $15k cash.

Factor rate on the second: 1.55. Instead of owing $28k (original payback), I owed $54,250. For $35k in actual cash.

Don't do it. Talk to a professional, not the broker who put you here.

37
FB former_broker_here 1mo ago

Former MCA broker here (not proud). This is called "stacking" and it's how companies make real money. The broker gets commission, the funder gets a fresh contract. The only person who loses is the business owner. I left the industry because of this.

28
NE NewYorkBizOwner2025 Business Owner 1mo ago

THIS. The brokers earn commissions on EACH deal. Of course they suggest a second advance.

40
NT new_to_mca_problems 2w ago

How long does the settlement process actually take?

Everyone says "get a lawyer" but nobody talks about the timeline. I'm hemorrhaging money every day. How long from first call to resolution? Need to plan cash flow.

42
ND NY_debt_relief_pro Verified 1w ago

Typical timeline:
- Week 1-2: Consultation, retain counsel, send notices
- Week 2-4: ACH debits stop
- Month 2-3: Active negotiation
- Month 3-5: Settlement reached and paid
- Month 5-6: UCC liens released

Stacking cases take 4-8 months. COJ cases add 2-3 months.

22
SC stressed_contractor Construction 2w ago

From first call to signed settlement: about 6 months for me. But the daily debits stopped within 2 weeks once my attorney got involved. That's the key — immediate relief even though full resolution takes time.

33
NS night_shift_nurse_biz 2w ago

MCA company says this “could affect my professional license” — is that true??

I'm a nurse practitioner who started a consulting firm. Took an MCA, now behind on payments. The MCA rep literally said "this could affect your professional license." Is that possible?

30
NS NY_small_biz_atty Verified 2w ago

No. Full stop. An MCA company cannot affect your professional license. Licensing boards do NOT discipline based on business debts. This is a scare tactic and arguably violates the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act.

Document who said this, when, and how. This kind of threat strengthens your position — shows bad faith, can be used as leverage or basis for a countersuit.

17
HB healthcare_biz_owner MD 2w ago

Had a similar scare. Your license and business debts are completely separate. Do not let them intimidate you.

32
NE NewYorkBizOwner2025 Business Owner 1mo ago

ACH withdrawals are draining my account — anyone in New York dealt with this?

I own a retail store in New York. Took out an MCA about 8 months ago. At first the daily withdrawals were manageable but then business slowed down and now they're pulling $380/day from an account that barely covers it. Getting hit with overdraft fees constantly. The MCA company won't negotiate. Has anyone in New York gone through this?

38
MS mca_survivor_NY Settled $92k 1mo ago

Went through the same thing with my landscaping company near Buffalo. What worked was getting a lawyer who handles MCA disputes specifically. They sent a cease and desist and within a week the MCA company agreed to restructure. The key was arguing the MCA was actually a loan under New York's usury statutes (N.Y. Gen. Oblig. § 5-501) because of how the agreement was structured. New York caps interest at 16% (civil) / 25% (criminal) for non-licensed lenders.

37
NS NY_small_biz_atty Verified 1mo ago

Attorney here. Important thing to know: N.Y. Gen. Oblig. § 5-501 defines what constitutes a loan vs. a purchase of receivables in New York. Many MCAs are structured as receivables purchases to avoid usury caps, but if the agreement has a fixed repayment amount and a reconciliation clause that's never actually used, there's a strong argument it's a disguised loan. Get a consultation — most MCA attorneys offer free ones.

18
AB anonymous_biz_owner 1mo ago

SAME. New York area here too. Got into an MCA cycle where I took a second one to pay off the first. Death spiral. I ended up closing my original bank account and opening a new one at a different bank. Yes they sent threatening letters but my attorney handled it. Settled for 52 cents on the dollar.

31
LN late_night_worrier 3w ago

Can an MCA company garnish my personal bank account?

My MCA is in my LLC's name but I signed a personal guarantee. If I default can they come after my personal checking? My wife is terrified they'll drain our savings.

35
NS NY_small_biz_atty Verified 2w ago

The personal guarantee doesn't mean automatic access to your personal account. They'd need to: (1) get a judgment against you personally, then (2) use that judgment to garnish.

In New York, there are significant exemptions. Talk to an attorney about New York-specific protections — many personal guarantees have defects that make them voidable.

16
AL anonymous_local 2w ago

We went through this. Moved personal savings to a separate account at a different bank. Not legal advice, but it bought us time to get proper counsel. The PG was negotiated down as part of the settlement.

23
FW frustrated_with_MCA Business Owner 3w ago

Anyone have experience with Greenbox Capital specifically?

Got an MCA from Greenbox Capital about 6 months ago. Factor rate was 1.48 which seemed OK but now the effective APR is insane. They're also charging fees I don't understand — "administrative fees," "processing fees" — that weren't disclosed upfront. Daily payment went up from the agreed amount. Anyone dealt with them?

19
TM throwaway_mca_issue 2w ago

Yes, similar experience. Undisclosed fees are a known issue. My attorney argued lack of disclosure violated New York's Consumer Protection Act and the federal Truth in Lending Act. They settled quickly once those arguments were raised.

12
NE NewYorkCPA CPA 2w ago

Track those fees separately from principal repayment. Some "administrative fees" may be deductible as business expenses even during the dispute.

22
NM NewYork_medical Healthcare 2w ago

MCA paid off but UCC lien still showing — blocking my SBA loan

I own a medical clinic in New York. Paid off my MCA 2 years ago but the UCC lien was never removed. Now it's blocking an SBA loan for expansion. Called the MCA company 5 times — they keep saying they'll "process it." 3 months of runaround.

19
NS NY_small_biz_atty Verified 2w ago

Under New York's UCC Article 9, a secured party must file a UCC-3 termination within 20 days of receiving a written demand. Send a formal demand via certified mail referencing the specific UCC filing number. If they don't comply, they're liable for statutory damages plus any actual damages from the delayed loan.

13
NB nearby_biz_owner Business Owner 2w ago

Had the same issue. The certified letter worked within a week. Include a copy of your final payment confirmation.

22
NS NewYork_shop Retail 1w ago

Considering Chapter 11 instead of settling — thoughts?

My restaurant in New York has $180k in MCA debt across 4 funders. Settlement quotes are 50-55 cents on the dollar — still $90-99k I don't have. Thinking Chapter 11 might be better. Anyone gone the bankruptcy route?

21
NS NY_small_biz_atty Verified 1w ago

Ch 11 is legitimate but understand the trade-offs:

Pros: automatic stay stops ALL collection, can restructure all debt
Cons: legal fees $15-25k+, takes 12-18 months, public record, court permission needed for many decisions

Look into Subchapter V small business reorganization — faster and cheaper than traditional Ch 11. Debt limit raised to $7.5 million.

12
SC stressed_contractor Construction 1w ago

I looked into Ch 11 before going settlement. The public record aspect was a dealbreaker — in my industry, competitors would use it against me on every bid. Settlement is private.

20
NE NewYorkAutoRepair Auto Repair 1w ago

Has anyone actually used the companies listed on this page?

Looking at the companies ranked here. Has anyone in New York actually used them? I want real experiences, not just website reviews.

15
MP Maria_P Salon Owner 1w ago

I called two of the top ones. Both professional, no pressure, both offered free consultations with realistic timelines. Go with whoever you feel most comfortable with.

15
MS mca_survivor_NY Settled $87k 1w ago

Good experience overall. Key things: (1) no large upfront fees, (2) they should know your state-specific laws, (3) realistic settlement range — anyone promising 20 cents on the dollar is lying.

19
PS pandemic_survivor_ny Business Owner 1mo ago

Took MCA during COVID, business never fully recovered

Like many, I took an MCA during the pandemic when PPP wasn't enough. My events planning business in New York was devastated. Three years later business is at maybe 65% of pre-COVID levels. The MCA was supposed to be a bridge but became an anchor. Factor rate 1.48 on $50k. Paid back about $40k of $71k total but can't keep going. Options?

17
ND NY_debt_relief_pro Verified 1mo ago

You still have options. The remaining ~$31k can potentially be settled for 40-50 cents (~$12-15k). Your good faith payments actually help your negotiating position. Also worth exploring whether pandemic relief protections apply — some MCAs from 2020-2021 have been challenged on economic duress grounds.

16
SF startup_founder_local 6d ago

Thinking about getting an MCA — is it always a bad idea?

Reading all these horror stories. I run a new cleaning service and need $25k for inventory. Banks won't lend because I've been in business 8 months. Is an MCA always predatory?

32
DE DebtFree2026 Business Owner 6d ago

MCAs aren't inherently evil but the cost is extreme. Try these first:
1. SBA microloans (up to $50k, even for newer businesses)
2. CDFI lenders (community development financial institutions)
3. Business credit cards (even at 24% APR, cheaper than most MCAs)
4. Revenue-based financing from transparent companies
5. Kiva loans (0% interest, crowdfunded)

If you MUST do an MCA, keep the factor rate under 1.3 and ensure there's a real reconciliation clause.

24
NE NewYorkCPA Verified CPA 5d ago

If you need the money for 30-60 days and have high margins (buying inventory you'll sell at 3x markup), an MCA CAN work. Run the numbers. But if margins are thin or timeline uncertain — stay away.

16
ND NewYork_dry_cleaner 4w ago

What’s the difference between debt settlement and debt consolidation for MCAs?

I keep seeing both terms. Are they the same? Which is better for MCA debt?

24
ND NY_debt_relief_pro Verified 4w ago

Very different:\n\nSettlement: Stop paying, attorney negotiates reduced lump sum (typically 40-55 cents on the dollar for MCAs). Most common for MCA debt.\n\nConsolidation: New loan pays off all MCAs. Still owe full amount but at lower rate. Harder because most traditional lenders won't refinance MCA debt.\n\nFor most New York business owners, settlement is better because: (1) factor rates are so high consolidation rarely makes sense, (2) legal arguments against MCAs give strong leverage you lose if you consolidate.

15
CA curious_about_complaints 2w ago

Should I file a BBB complaint against my MCA company?

Before getting a lawyer, should I try the BBB or New York Attorney General? Would that pressure them?

17
NE NewYorkBizOwner2025 Restaurant Owner 2w ago

Filed with both. BBB did nothing — boilerplate response. The AG complaint was more useful — goes into their file. But neither replaced getting an actual attorney.

16
MS mca_survivor_NY Settled $87k 2w ago

File the complaints AND get a lawyer. They're not mutually exclusive. The AG tracks MCA complaints but for YOUR situation, only a lawyer can negotiate.

Ask the Community

Federal Lawyers By The Numbers

36 Cases Handled This Year and counting
15,536+ Total Clients Served since 2005
95% Case Success Rate dismissals & reduced charges
50+ Years Combined Experience in criminal defense

Data as of February 2026

URGENT

Take Control of Your Situation

Our team is standing by to discuss your legal options

Get Advice From An Experienced Criminal Defense Lawyer

All You Have To Do Is Call (212) 300-5196 To Receive Your Free Case Evaluation.