Human trafficking is a serious crime and a grave violation of human rights. It involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act. Every year, thousands of men, women, and children fall into the hands of traffickers, both in their own countries and abroad.
The primary federal law addressing human trafficking in the United States is the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000. The TVPA established human trafficking as a federal crime and created measures for prevention, protection, and prosecution. The law has been reauthorized and amended several times to strengthen protections and expand definitions.
The U.S. government’s approach to combating human trafficking is often referred to as the “3 P’s”: Prevention, Protection, and Prosecution. These pillars guide federal policy and programs to address trafficking in persons.
Several federal agencies are involved in investigating human trafficking cases, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and the Department of Justice (DOJ). These agencies work collaboratively with state and local law enforcement to identify and prosecute traffickers.
Penalties for human trafficking under federal law are severe. Convicted traffickers can face lengthy prison sentences, including up to life imprisonment in cases involving minors or aggravating circumstances. Sentences vary depending on the nature and severity of the crime.
Human trafficking remains a significant challenge in the United States and around the world. Federal laws and agencies continue to evolve to better address this crime and support victims.