Criminal Defense Lawyers

Responding to Federal Subpoenas Without an Attorney: Mistakes to Avoid

Mistakes to Avoid When Responding to Federal Subpoenas Without an Attorney

Dealing with a federal subpoena can be intimidating, especially if you don’t have a lawyer to help guide you through the process. While you have the right to represent yourself, it’s important to understand the common mistakes people make when responding to subpoenas on their own. Avoiding these mistakes will help ensure you put your best foot forward and comply fully and appropriately.

Understanding What a Subpoena Requires

The first mistake people often make is not taking the time to fully understand what the subpoena is asking for. Federal subpoenas are official legal demands for information, so you need to read everything carefully.

• Make sure you understand the scope of the request. Subpoenas typically specify the precise documents or testimony required. Don’t assume – take time to parse out exactly what they want.
• Note critical logistics like deadlines and locations. The subpoena should indicate when a response is due and where/how to deliver it. Missing a deadline could lead to contempt charges, so mark your calendar.
• Clarify anything that seems vague. If you aren’t 100% clear on what’s being asked, seek guidance from the issuing attorney. They may be willing to clarify or modify overly broad requests.

Overlooking Privilege and Confidentiality Issues

While agencies have broad subpoena power, there are still privileges and confidentiality laws that limit what information you have to provide.

• Consult the list of federal privileges to see if any apply to your situation. Common examples include attorney-client privilege, doctor-patient confidentiality, spousal privilege, and clergy-penitent privilege.
• If you aren’t sure if sensitive information is protected, seek legal guidance before disclosing it. Once private information is shared, you can’t take it back.
• Note that while journalists don’t have to identify confidential sources, other information uncovered during news gathering may still be subject to subpoena.

Responding Too Quickly Without Thinking

It’s understandable to want to respond quickly to avoid getting in trouble, but take time to think through your response.

• Don’t turn over more information than absolutely necessary. Review the request carefully and don’t provide anything beyond that scope.
• Organize supporting documents logically before submitting. Highlight or index the specific sections that pertain to the request.
• If you need more time to pull everything together, seek an extension. Most attorneys will allow reasonable extra time if asked.
• Consider drafting an overview cover letter to accompany your response, noting any concerns or limitations.

Having a methodical system will help ensure you comply appropriately.

Trying to Avoid, Resist, or Lie

As tempting as it might be to avoid or lie about sensitive information, doing so can make things exponentially worse.

• Subpoenas carry the full force of law. If you resist or lie, you could face obstruction charges, financial penalties, or jail time.
• Even if you initially avoid detection, the consequences down the road typically outweigh short-term benefits.
• Be truthful and comply to the fullest extent possible without compromising legitimately privileged information. This is usually your best path forward.

Failing to Protect Sensitive Information

While you may have to share private information pursuant to a subpoena, take steps to keep it as confidential as possible.

• Ask if you can designate certain documents “attorneys’ eyes only” so they aren’t seen by other parties.
• Request a protective order from the court limiting access to sensitive materials.
• Ask that confidential data be filed under seal so it doesn’t enter the public record.
• Follow up to ensure sensitive records are handled appropriately and not subject to unauthorized disclosure.

Shielding personal information helps maintain privacy even when compelled to comply.

Trying to Go It Completely Alone

Although it’s your right to represent yourself, seeking legal advice can still be extremely helpful.

• Many lawyers offer low-cost consultations or unbundled services for discrete issues. Get input before responding.
• If finances are a limitation, research legal aid organizations in your area. Many provide free assistance responding to subpoenas.
• Consider asking the court to appoint you pro bono counsel to help navigate the process. This is sometimes granted in complex cases.

Getting sound legal advice, even if limited in scope, can help avoid costly mistakes. Don’t leave yourself without any guidance or backup.

Failing to Negotiate or Assert Your Rights

Keep in mind that you may have more rights and bargaining power than you realize.

• If the request seems overly broad or unduly burdensome, push back. The agency may be willing to narrow the scope.
• Propose alternatives, like providing oral testimony instead of documents. There may be mutually agreeable compromises.
• Offer to provide information incrementally instead of all at once. This gives you leverage if they later seek more.
• Make reasonable demands about handling sensitive records to help protect confidentiality.

Politely asserting your rights often leads to better outcomes without conflict.

Resources

For more information on responding to federal subpoenas, check out the following resources:

• Avvo guide to federal subpoenas
• Overview of federal subpoena power on Justia
• Tips for responding to subpoenas on Nolo
• Lawyers.com article on subpoena dos and don’ts