Jun 4, 2025

Proffer Agreement in a Federal Criminal Case

Understanding Proffers in Criminal Law

A proffer is a legal term often encountered in criminal investigations and prosecutions. It refers to an offer made by a defendant or witness to provide information to the government, usually in exchange for some form of benefit, such as immunity or a reduced sentence. Proffers are a critical part of the negotiation process between defense attorneys and prosecutors.

What Happens at a Proffer Session?

During a proffer session, the individual (often accompanied by their attorney) meets with prosecutors and sometimes law enforcement agents. The purpose is to share information about criminal activity, which may include the individual’s own conduct or that of others. These sessions are usually governed by a “proffer agreement,” which outlines the terms under which the information is provided. Typically, statements made during the session cannot be used directly against the individual in court, except under certain circumstances, such as if the person lies or contradicts their statements later.

Is a Proffer Good or Bad?

Whether a proffer is “good” or “bad” depends on the specific circumstances of the case. For some defendants, a proffer can be a strategic move that leads to a favorable plea deal or even immunity from prosecution. For others, it can be risky, especially if the government does not find the information valuable or if the individual is not completely truthful. Defense attorneys carefully weigh the pros and cons before advising a client to participate in a proffer session.

What is the Difference Between a Proffer and a Plea Deal?

A proffer is an offer to provide information to the government, often as a first step in negotiations. A plea deal, on the other hand, is a formal agreement in which a defendant agrees to plead guilty to certain charges in exchange for concessions from the prosecutor, such as reduced charges or a lighter sentence. While a proffer can lead to a plea deal, the two are distinct legal concepts.

What is the Government Factual Proffer for a Plea Deal?

In the context of a plea deal, a “government factual proffer” is a written statement prepared by prosecutors that outlines the facts the government would be able to prove at trial. The defendant typically agrees that these facts are true as part of the plea agreement. This document becomes part of the court record and is used by the judge to determine whether the plea is supported by a factual basis.

Conclusion

Proffers play a significant role in the criminal justice system, serving as a bridge between investigation and resolution. Anyone considering a proffer should consult with an experienced criminal defense attorney to fully understand the risks and potential benefits.

Proffer Agreement in a Federal Criminal Case