Kickbacks are a form of negotiated bribery in which a commission is paid to the bribe-taker in exchange for services rendered. The kickback may be money, gifts, credit, or anything of value. Kickbacks are often associated with corruption in both the public and private sectors.
Kickbacks can take many forms. They may involve a contractor paying a government official a percentage of the contract value in exchange for being awarded the contract. In the private sector, an employee might receive a kickback from a supplier for choosing their products over competitors.
Examples of kickbacks include a supplier giving cash or gifts to a purchasing manager in exchange for business, or a contractor providing a portion of their profits to a government official to secure a contract. Kickbacks can also occur in healthcare, where providers might receive incentives for referring patients to certain services or products.
Kickbacks are illegal in many jurisdictions and can result in severe penalties, including fines and imprisonment. Laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) in the United States specifically prohibit kickbacks in international business transactions.
The Eliminating Kickbacks in Recovery Act of 2018 is a federal law aimed at curbing kickbacks in the addiction treatment industry. The act prohibits the payment or receipt of kickbacks in exchange for patient referrals to recovery homes, clinical treatment facilities, and laboratories. It was enacted to address fraud and abuse in the addiction treatment industry and to protect patients from being exploited for financial gain.
Signs that someone may be receiving kickbacks include unusual financial transactions, unexplained wealth, or a pattern of awarding contracts or business to a particular supplier without clear justification. Internal audits and whistleblower reports are common ways organizations uncover kickback schemes.