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NY Penal Law § 121.12: Strangulation in the Second Degree

Understanding Strangulation and Choking Laws

To cause someone to stop breathing or to obstruct that person’s ability to breathe is against the law. Such actions are considered extremely serious by New York law enforcement because they frequently lead to severe injuries and even death. There are 3 criminal offenses under New York law related to choking or strangling another individual. One of these offenses is strangulation in the second degree.

Strangulation in the Second Degree

Pursuant to New York Penal Code § 121.12, you can be charged and prosecuted for strangulation in the second degree if you apply pressure on the throat or neck of another individual, or block another person’s nose or mouth, with intent to impede that person’s usual breathing or circulation of blood. For this charge, your action will have had to cause that person to:

  • Fall into a stupor or near-unconsciousness,
  • Completely lose consciousness, or
  • Sustain a physical injury
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Todd Spodek
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Todd Spodek

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With decades of experience in high-stakes federal criminal defense, Todd Spodek has built a reputation for aggressive, strategic representation. Featured on Netflix's "Inventing Anna," he has successfully defended clients facing federal charges, white-collar allegations, and complex criminal cases in federal courts nationwide.

Bar Admissions: New York State Bar New Jersey State Bar U.S. District Court, SDNY U.S. District Court, EDNY
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Community Discussion

Real questions and discussions from readers about this topic.

68
SC stressed_contractor Construction 2w ago

Settled my $55k MCA for $22k — here’s exactly what happened

Just closed this chapter so wanted to share. I'm a plumber in the the US area. Took out $55k from a well-known MCA company about 14 months ago. Daily payments of $480. When a big project fell through I couldn't keep up.

Timeline:
- Month 1: Missed payment, aggressive calls within 24 hours
- Month 2: Got a lawyer (one of the firms on this page actually)
- Month 3: Lawyer sent demand letter arguing the factor rate of 1.45 was effectively a 65% APR, usurious under New York law
- Month 4-5: Negotiation. MCA initially offered 80%.
- Month 6: Settled for 45 cents on the dollar.

AMA if you have questions.

29
SC stressed_contractor Business Owner 2w ago

My attorney charged a flat fee of $4000 for the negotiation. Some work on contingency. Shop around — I talked to three before choosing. The free consultations are genuinely free.

23
CT curious_the_us_biz 2w ago

How much did the lawyer cost? That's what's holding me back.

23
SC stressed_contractor Construction 2w ago

Yes, there was a UCC lien. My lawyer got it released as part of the settlement. Make sure that's in writing before you pay a dime.

23
TH theUSCPA Verified CPA 2w ago

Tax note: the forgiven amount may be taxable as cancellation of debt income. There are exceptions if you're insolvent (IRS Form 982). Don't get surprised at tax time.

14
LP local_plumber Business Owner 2w ago

Did they file a UCC lien against your business? That's what I'm worried about.

49
SD Sarah_downtown Salon Owner 1w ago

Success story: settled $42k MCA debt for $18k — don’t give up

Just want to post something positive. I own a nail salon in the US. Took out an MCA when I needed to renovate. $42k advance, $63k payback. Daily debits of $240 were eating me alive.

Got connected with a settlement company from this page. Within 2 weeks they had the MCA company at the table. Settled for $18k paid over 6 months. That's 43 cents on the dollar.

The whole process took about 10 weeks. If you're reading this at 2am stressed out — make the call tomorrow.

24
TH theUSRetailGuy Retail 1w ago

This is exactly what I needed to read. Thank you. Making the call tomorrow.

22
SD Sarah_downtown Boutique Owner 1w ago

Great question. I was able to get a small SBA microloan through a local credit union 3 months after settlement. The key was having the settlement agreement and UCC release on file.

10
CM curious_Mike 1w ago

How did it affect your ability to get future financing?

43
CT cautionary_tale_biz Food Truck 1mo ago

Warning: don’t take a second MCA to pay off the first

Let me be the cautionary tale. I took a $20k advance for my coffee shop. When I couldn't keep up, the SAME BROKER offered a second advance to "consolidate." Second was $35k — $20k paid off the first, I got $15k cash.

Factor rate on the second: 1.55. Instead of owing $28k (original payback), I owed $54,250. For $35k in actual cash.

Don't do it. Talk to a professional, not the broker who put you here.

29
FB former_broker_here 1mo ago

Former MCA broker here (not proud). This is called "stacking" and it's how companies make real money. The broker gets commission, the funder gets a fresh contract. The only person who loses is the business owner. I left the industry because of this.

28
TH theUSBizOwner2025 Restaurant Owner 1mo ago

THIS. The brokers earn commissions on EACH deal. Of course they suggest a second advance.

40
TH theUSRetailGuy Retail 2w ago

Multiple MCAs stacked on top of each other — drowning

I own a retail store in the US. Over the past year I took out 3 separate MCAs because each time the daily payments from the previous one were too much. Now I'm paying $680/day across all three. My gross revenue is maybe $2,500/day on a good day.

Total payback would be around $240k for $100k in advances. Is there any way out without closing?

37
UD US_debt_relief_pro Verified 1w ago

We see stacking cases regularly. Typical approach:
1. Close the account being debited, reroute revenue
2. Enter all funders into negotiation simultaneously
3. Use the stacking argument as leverage
4. Negotiate a single consolidated settlement

With those factor rates, you have strong ammunition for a usury argument in New York under state usury statutes.

24
AL anonymous_local 1w ago

Former restaurant owner here. Was in your exact situation. Settled all 3 for a combined 55 cents on the dollar. Took about 4 months. My business survived.

23
SC stressed_contractor Construction 1w ago

You NEED professional help — this isn't something you negotiate yourself with multiple funders. Each has a UCC lien and they'll fight each other. The stacking itself is leverage — a good attorney will argue the funders knew the combined payments were unsustainable, which is predatory lending.

37
NT new_to_mca_problems 2w ago

How long does the settlement process actually take?

Everyone says "get a lawyer" but nobody talks about the timeline. I'm hemorrhaging money every day. How long from first call to resolution? Need to plan cash flow.

36
UD US_debt_relief_pro Verified 2w ago

Typical timeline:
- Week 1-2: Consultation, retain counsel, send notices
- Week 2-4: ACH debits stop
- Month 2-3: Active negotiation
- Month 3-5: Settlement reached and paid
- Month 5-6: UCC liens released

Stacking cases take 4-8 months. COJ cases add 2-3 months.

27
SC stressed_contractor Construction 2w ago

From first call to signed settlement: about 6 months for me. But the daily debits stopped within 2 weeks once my attorney got involved. That's the key — immediate relief even though full resolution takes time.

36
LN late_night_worrier 3w ago

Can an MCA company garnish my personal bank account?

My MCA is in my LLC's name but I signed a personal guarantee. If I default can they come after my personal checking? My wife is terrified they'll drain our savings.

35
US US_small_biz_atty Verified 3w ago

The personal guarantee doesn't mean automatic access to your personal account. They'd need to: (1) get a judgment against you personally, then (2) use that judgment to garnish.

In New York, there are significant exemptions. Talk to an attorney about New York-specific protections — many personal guarantees have defects that make them voidable.

18
CS concerned_spouse 3w ago

We went through this. Moved personal savings to a separate account at a different bank. Not legal advice, but it bought us time to get proper counsel. The PG was negotiated down as part of the settlement.

31
TH theUSBizOwner2025 Restaurant Owner 1mo ago

ACH withdrawals are draining my account — anyone in the US dealt with this?

I own a restaurant in the US. Took out an MCA about 8 months ago. At first the daily withdrawals were manageable but then business slowed down and now they're pulling $480/day from an account that barely covers it. Getting hit with overdraft fees constantly. The MCA company won't negotiate. Has anyone in the US gone through this?

37
MS mca_survivor_US Settled $92k 1mo ago

Went through the same thing with my trucking company near Los Angeles. What worked was getting a lawyer who handles MCA disputes specifically. They sent a cease and desist and within a week the MCA company agreed to restructure. The key was arguing the MCA was actually a loan under New York's usury statutes (state usury statutes) because of how the agreement was structured. New York caps interest at varies by state for non-licensed lenders.

27
US US_small_biz_atty Verified 1mo ago

Attorney here. Important thing to know: state usury statutes defines what constitutes a loan vs. a purchase of receivables in New York. Many MCAs are structured as receivables purchases to avoid usury caps, but if the agreement has a fixed repayment amount and a reconciliation clause that's never actually used, there's a strong argument it's a disguised loan. Get a consultation — most MCA attorneys offer free ones.

24
SA stressed_and_tired 1mo ago

SAME. the US area here too. Got into an MCA cycle where I took a second one to pay off the first. Death spiral. I ended up closing my original bank account and opening a new one at a different bank. Yes they sent threatening letters but my attorney handled it. Settled for 52 cents on the dollar.

31
FW frustrated_with_MCA Business Owner 3w ago

Anyone have experience with Yellowstone Capital specifically?

Got an MCA from Yellowstone Capital about 6 months ago. Factor rate was 1.45 which seemed OK but now the effective APR is insane. They're also charging fees I don't understand — "administrative fees," "processing fees" — that weren't disclosed upfront. Daily payment went up from the agreed amount. Anyone dealt with them?

24
AB anonymous_biz_NE 3w ago

Yes, similar experience. Undisclosed fees are a known issue. My attorney argued lack of disclosure violated New York's Consumer Protection Act and the federal Truth in Lending Act. They settled quickly once those arguments were raised.

12
UT US_tax_help CPA 3w ago

Track those fees separately from principal repayment. Some "administrative fees" may be deductible as business expenses even during the dispute.

31
TD theUS_dental Healthcare 2w ago

MCA paid off but UCC lien still showing — blocking my SBA loan

I own a medical clinic in the US. Paid off my MCA 2 years ago but the UCC lien was never removed. Now it's blocking an SBA loan for expansion. Called the MCA company 5 times — they keep saying they'll "process it." 3 months of runaround.

20
US US_small_biz_atty Verified 2w ago

Under New York's UCC Article 9, a secured party must file a UCC-3 termination within 20 days of receiving a written demand. Send a formal demand via certified mail referencing the specific UCC filing number. If they don't comply, they're liable for statutory damages plus any actual damages from the delayed loan.

16
LP local_plumber Business Owner 2w ago

Had the same issue. The certified letter worked within a week. Include a copy of your final payment confirmation.

29
TU the_us_trucking B2B Services 1w ago

MCA company threatening to contact my clients — is this legal?

The MCA company is threatening to contact my clients directly to intercept payments. They say the agreement gives them the right to redirect my accounts receivable. I'm a staffing agency — if my clients find out about my financial issues they'll drop me.

35
US US_small_biz_atty Verified 1w ago

This is a pressure tactic. Even if the MCA agreement includes assignment of receivables, actually contacting your clients is different. Under New York's UCC Article 9, there are proper legal channels. More importantly, if this causes reputational harm, you may have a claim for tortious interference. Document everything.

18
MS mca_survivor_US Settled $87k 1w ago

They pulled this same threat on me. Never followed through. Get a lawyer to send them a letter and it stops.

27
SH side_hustle_professional 2w ago

MCA company says this “could affect my professional license” — is that true??

I'm a physical therapist who started a staffing agency. Took an MCA, now behind on payments. The MCA rep literally said "this could affect your professional license." Is that possible?

36
US US_small_biz_atty Verified 1w ago

No. Full stop. An MCA company cannot affect your professional license. Licensing boards do NOT discipline based on business debts. This is a scare tactic and arguably violates the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act.

Document who said this, when, and how. This kind of threat strengthens your position — shows bad faith, can be used as leverage or basis for a countersuit.

19
HB healthcare_biz_owner Verified 1w ago

Had a similar scare. Your license and business debts are completely separate. Do not let them intimidate you.

27
TS theUS_shop Fitness 1w ago

Considering Chapter 11 instead of settling — thoughts?

My restaurant in the US has $180k in MCA debt across 4 funders. Settlement quotes are 50-55 cents on the dollar — still $90-99k I don't have. Thinking Chapter 11 might be better. Anyone gone the bankruptcy route?

25
US US_small_biz_atty Verified 5d ago

Ch 11 is legitimate but understand the trade-offs:

Pros: automatic stay stops ALL collection, can restructure all debt
Cons: legal fees $15-25k+, takes 12-18 months, public record, court permission needed for many decisions

Look into Subchapter V small business reorganization — faster and cheaper than traditional Ch 11. Debt limit raised to $7.5 million.

13
SC stressed_contractor Construction 5d ago

I looked into Ch 11 before going settlement. The public record aspect was a dealbreaker — in my industry, competitors would use it against me on every bid. Settlement is private.

19
MJ Midtown_Joe Business Owner 1w ago

Has anyone actually used the companies listed on this page?

Looking at the companies ranked here. Has anyone in the US actually used them? I want real experiences, not just website reviews.

20
MS mca_survivor_US Settled $65k 6d ago

Good experience overall. Key things: (1) no large upfront fees, (2) they should know your state-specific laws, (3) realistic settlement range — anyone promising 20 cents on the dollar is lying.

12
MP Maria_P Boutique Owner 1w ago

I called two of the top ones. Both professional, no pressure, both offered free consultations with realistic timelines. Go with whoever you feel most comfortable with.

18
PS pandemic_survivor_us Business Owner 1mo ago

Took MCA during COVID, business never fully recovered

Like many, I took an MCA during the pandemic when PPP wasn't enough. My events planning business in the US was devastated. Three years later business is at maybe 65% of pre-COVID levels. The MCA was supposed to be a bridge but became an anchor. Factor rate 1.45 on $50k. Paid back about $40k of $71k total but can't keep going. Options?

20
UD US_debt_relief_pro Verified 1mo ago

You still have options. The remaining ~$31k can potentially be settled for 40-50 cents (~$12-15k). Your good faith payments actually help your negotiating position. Also worth exploring whether pandemic relief protections apply — some MCAs from 2020-2021 have been challenged on economic duress grounds.

16
SF startup_founder_local 5d ago

Thinking about getting an MCA — is it always a bad idea?

Reading all these horror stories. I run a new cleaning service and need $25k for expansion. Banks won't lend because I've been in business 8 months. Is an MCA always predatory?

26
TH theUSEntrepreneur Business Owner 4d ago

MCAs aren't inherently evil but the cost is extreme. Try these first:
1. SBA microloans (up to $50k, even for newer businesses)
2. CDFI lenders (community development financial institutions)
3. Business credit cards (even at 24% APR, cheaper than most MCAs)
4. Revenue-based financing from transparent companies
5. Kiva loans (0% interest, crowdfunded)

If you MUST do an MCA, keep the factor rate under 1.3 and ensure there's a real reconciliation clause.

16
TH theUSCPA Verified CPA 5d ago

If you need the money for 30-60 days and have high margins (buying inventory you'll sell at 3x markup), an MCA CAN work. Run the numbers. But if margins are thin or timeline uncertain — stay away.

16
CA curious_about_complaints 2w ago

Should I file a BBB complaint against my MCA company?

Before getting a lawyer, should I try the BBB or New York Attorney General? Would that pressure them?

12
TH theUSBizOwner2025 Restaurant Owner 2w ago

Filed with both. BBB did nothing — boilerplate response. The AG complaint was more useful — goes into their file. But neither replaced getting an actual attorney.

12
MS mca_survivor_US Settled $65k 2w ago

File the complaints AND get a lawyer. They're not mutually exclusive. The AG tracks MCA complaints but for YOUR situation, only a lawyer can negotiate.

15
SB small_biz_newbie 3w ago

What’s the difference between debt settlement and debt consolidation for MCAs?

I keep seeing both terms. Are they the same? Which is better for MCA debt?

19
UD US_debt_relief_pro Verified 3w ago

Very different:\n\nSettlement: Stop paying, attorney negotiates reduced lump sum (typically 40-55 cents on the dollar for MCAs). Most common for MCA debt.\n\nConsolidation: New loan pays off all MCAs. Still owe full amount but at lower rate. Harder because most traditional lenders won't refinance MCA debt.\n\nFor most the US business owners, settlement is better because: (1) factor rates are so high consolidation rarely makes sense, (2) legal arguments against MCAs give strong leverage you lose if you consolidate.

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