How HSI Investigates Trade Fraud and Illicit Trade Practices

The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s (ICE) Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) division plays a crucial role in investigating and combating trade fraud and illicit trade practices. Their mission is to protect public safety, national security, and the integrity of the U.S. economy from the harms caused by illegal and dangerous imported goods.

HSI has broad legal authority to enforce hundreds of federal laws covering trade fraud, intellectual property rights violations, financial crimes, cybercrimes, human rights violations, human smuggling and trafficking, narcotics enforcement, and more. This allows them to pursue complex, multi-jurisdictional criminal investigations into organized trade fraud networks.

Key HSI Trade Fraud Investigations

Some of the major types of trade fraud and illicit trade that HSI targets include:

• Counterfeit goods trafficking – This involves importing and distributing fake versions of branded products, from luxury handbags to pharmaceutical drugs. Counterfeits defraud consumers and companies while funding criminal enterprises.
• Intellectual property violations – The theft of trade secrets or pirated distribution of copyrighted works like movies, music, and software.
• Import/export violations – Smuggling banned or regulated goods into/out of the country through schemes like undervaluing shipments to avoid duties.
• Customs fraud – Falsely classifying or documenting imported goods to evade taxes and duties.
• Dumping violations – Illegally exporting and selling goods below fair market value to undercut competition.
• Money laundering – Disguising the proceeds of trade fraud to hide their criminal origins.

In all these areas, HSI agents proactively investigate complex international schemes, gather evidence, and build cases for criminal prosecution. Their goal is to identify and dismantle entire illicit global supply chains.

Investigative Powers and Tools

HSI has unique legal powers that aid trade fraud investigations, such as the ability to make arrests; execute search warrants; serve subpoenas; seize funds, property, and evidence; and conduct undercover operations. HSI works closely with prosecutors to charge perpetrators under laws like:

• The Trademark Counterfeiting Act – Makes trafficking in counterfeit goods a felony.
• The Tariff Act – Allows seizures of illegally imported merchandise.
• The Conspiracy statute – Charges those who agree to commit crimes.

HSI also utilizes powerful investigative techniques like undercover operations, court-authorized electronic surveillance, and informants. They can follow complex money trails to identify co-conspirators and financial crimes.

Cutting-edge forensic tools allow HSI agents to authenticate evidence and trace the origins of counterfeit goods. HSI computer forensics specialists can analyze large datasets from seized devices to uncover global networks.

Cooperation with Law Enforcement Partners

Given the international scale of trade fraud crimes, HSI prioritizes partnerships with other agencies. This includes:

• Other DHS agencies like Customs and Border Protection, which inspects incoming goods at U.S. ports of entry.
• The FBI and Department of Justice, which prosecute complex fraud cases investigated by HSI.
• Foreign law enforcement, as these schemes cross borders and jurisdictions.
• Industry groups, which aid investigations into counterfeits of their products.

Multi-agency task forces allow HSI to collaborate closely with partners. For example, the National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center brings together law enforcement to combat intellectual property theft.

Impact on National Security

Trade fraud and illicit trade have serious implications for national security. Counterfeits can enter critical supply chains, and customs violations allow dangerous materials into the country.

These schemes also provide revenue for organized crime and terrorist groups. So disrupting them helps cut off funding for broader threats. HSI’s trade fraud investigations are an important part of the U.S. strategy to protect national security.

Public Outreach

HSI conducts public outreach campaigns to raise awareness of the dangers of counterfeit goods and IP piracy. They partner with other agencies and major brands on initiatives like:

• The Truth Behind Counterfeits education campaign.
• Training programs to help identify and report counterfeits.
• Joint operations with countries like China to seize counterfeit exports.

This outreach aims to reduce consumer demand for counterfeits and build cooperation across borders.

Ongoing Challenges

Despite HSI’s efforts, trade fraud remains a massive and evolving threat. Investigators face challenges like:

• Sophisticated smuggling methods to evade border checks.
• Online marketplaces and distribution channels that enable IP piracy.
• Cryptocurrencies that disguise payments for illegal goods.
• Corrupt officials and front companies that enable fraud networks.

As new technologies emerge, HSI must constantly adapt its investigative tactics. But its broad authority and specialized expertise position it well to combat 21st century trade fraud.

The Importance of Trade Fraud Investigations

In sum, HSI’s wide-ranging investigations of trade fraud and illicit trade are crucial to:

• Protecting public health and safety from dangerous counterfeit products.
• Defending national economic interests by enforcing trade laws and regulations.
• Disrupting organized criminal groups that use trade fraud to fund other activities.
• Safeguarding national security by keeping illicit goods and funds out of the wrong hands.

As global trade expands, these HSI efforts will only grow more important. HSI serves on the front lines in protecting the integrity and security of America’s trade system.