The number is not reported in any official database. The industry is not required to disclose its origination volume. The estimates are pieced together from court filings, industry surveys, and the complaints of millions of small business owners who are making daily payments on obligations they did not fully understand when they signed.
The merchant cash advance industry does not report origination data to any federal or state regulatory agency. There is no MCA equivalent of the FDIC’s quarterly banking reports or the Federal Reserve’s loan data. The industry’s size is estimated, not measured. The estimates come from industry trade groups, financial research firms, legal databases, and the limited reporting of publicly traded funders.
The Estimates
Industry estimates suggest that the MCA market originates between $15 billion and $20 billion annually in the United States. Some estimates are higher, reflecting the difficulty of capturing the full market including smaller, regional funders that do not participate in industry surveys. The outstanding balance at any given time — the total amount of MCA obligations currently being repaid through daily withdrawals — is estimated at $10 billion to $15 billion or more.
These numbers have grown significantly over the past decade. The market was estimated at $3 billion to $5 billion in annual originations in 2010. The growth to $15 billion to $20 billion represents a tripling or quadrupling of the market in roughly ten years. The growth trajectory has been consistent, interrupted only briefly by the pandemic in 2020 before resuming.
Who Carries the Debt
MCA debt is concentrated in industries with high cash flow volatility and limited access to traditional banking: restaurants, retail, construction, trucking, healthcare, salons, e-commerce, and service businesses. The typical MCA borrower is a small business with $200,000 to $2 million in annual revenue, fewer than 20 employees, and limited collateral. The borrower has typically been declined by at least one traditional lender before turning to the MCA market.
Stacking — carrying multiple simultaneous MCAs — is widespread. Industry data suggests that a significant percentage of MCA borrowers carry two or more advances simultaneously. Each additional advance increases the total outstanding balance and the daily withdrawal obligation, compounding the financial pressure on the business.