The Signature You Do Not Remember Giving
Somewhere in the stack of documents you signed to receive the advance, there was a personal guarantee. You may not have read it. You almost certainly did not negotiate it. The broker or funding representative may have described it as standard, or routine, or something that never gets enforced. It was none of those things. A personal guarantee is a separate promise, made by you as an individual, to repay the debt if your business cannot. It transforms a business obligation into a personal one, and the transformation is, in most cases, exactly as serious as it sounds.
The Guarantee Extends Beyond the Business
The first thing to understand is scope. A personal guarantee on an MCA agreement means the funder can pursue your personal assets if your business defaults. This includes personal bank accounts, real property, vehicles, and in some jurisdictions, wages. The corporate veil that separates your business from your personal finances does not apply to debts you have personally guaranteed. You signed it away.
This does not mean enforcement is automatic. The funder must obtain a judgment against you personally before seizing personal assets. In states that still permit confessions of judgment, that process can be alarmingly fast. In others, the funder must file a lawsuit, serve you, and prevail in court. The timeline matters. The gap between default and personal enforcement is the window in which negotiation occurs, and it closes more quickly than most people realize.
Limited and Unlimited Are Not the Same Document
The second thing to know is whether your guarantee is limited or unlimited. A limited personal guarantee caps your exposure at a specific dollar amount. An unlimited guarantee does not. The difference between these two documents is the difference between a difficult financial situation and a catastrophic one.
Pull the agreement. Find the guarantee provision. If it contains a stated maximum amount, your personal exposure has a ceiling. If it does not, the funder can theoretically pursue you for the entire outstanding balance, plus fees, plus legal costs, plus whatever the confession of judgment authorized. I have reviewed MCA agreements where the personal guarantee exceeded the original advance by a factor of three, once all the accelerated fees and penalty provisions were calculated.
The number on the guarantee is not always the number you owe. But it is the number the funder will claim.
Enforcement Requires a Judgment
The third thing is procedural, and it offers more protection than most business owners realize. A personal guarantee, standing alone, is a promise. To enforce that promise, the funder must convert it into a court judgment. In states where the confession of judgment has been restricted or banned for out‑of‑state defendants (New York amended CPLR Section 3218 in 2019 to prohibit this), the funder must file a traditional lawsuit. That lawsuit requires service of process, an opportunity to respond, and, if contested, a hearing or trial.